基于ANSYS对车用全复合材料CNG气瓶的安全研究

基于车用全复合材料CNG气瓶近年发生爆炸事故和定期检验中合格率偏低,主要问题在于气瓶内胆存在裂纹、开裂等缺陷。应用ANSYS有限元软件对现役全复合材料气瓶进行模拟,采用自上而下的建模方法,对全复合材料CNG气瓶进行建模,计算、分析全复合材料CNG气瓶在工作压力、试验压力、爆破压力下的应力、应变分布。模拟计算结论为现役全复合材料CNG气瓶出现的裂纹、开裂等缺陷与内胆材料强度不足和气瓶结构设计密切相关。全复合材料CNG气瓶的设计制造阶段要充分考虑内胆材料强度,合理选材,进一步完善气瓶瓶身与瓶阀过渡区域的结构设计,提出改进检验工艺方案。     

明日叶查尔酮对小鼠H22肝癌细胞增殖活性的抑制作用

为研究明日叶查尔酮(AC)对小鼠H22+肝癌细胞增殖的抑制作用,采用如下方法进行实验:1)将50只荷H22肝癌小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只.低、中、高剂量组每日分别灌胃给予5、20和40 mg·kg-1明日叶查尔酮,肿瘤对照组给予生理盐水,环磷酰胺(CTX)组隔天腹腔注射20 mg· kg-1的CTX.饲养10 d后处...     

不同种类蔬菜重金属富集特征及健康风险

蔬菜中重金属累积引发的健康风险逐渐被重视.通过文献查阅与实地样品采集,搭建了我国蔬菜-土壤系统重金属元素含量数据库,系统地分析了我国蔬菜可食部位中7项重金属含量特征和不同种类蔬菜对重金属的生物累积能力.此外,采用蒙特卡罗模拟评估了通过摄入4种类型蔬菜导致的非致癌健康风险.蔬菜可食部位ω(Cd)、ω(As)、ω(Pb)、ω(Cr)、ω(Hg)、ω(Cu)和ω(Zn)的平均值分别为0.093、 0.024、 0.137、 0.118、 0.007、 0.622和3.272 mg·kg^-1,其中5种有害元素的超标率为：Pb(18.5%)>Cd(12.9%)>Hg(11.5%)>Cr(4.03%)>As(0.21%).叶菜类蔬菜表现出较高的Cd富集能力,根茎类蔬菜表现出较高的Pb富集能力,其富集系数的平均值分别为0.264和0.262,而豆类蔬菜和茄果类蔬菜表现出较低的重金属富集能力.健康风险结果表明,蔬菜摄入的单项元素非致癌风险在可接受范围,其中儿童的健康风险高于成人.单项元素非致癌风险HQ平均值表现为：Pb>Hg>Cd>As&...     

Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

• Adding kaolin/zeolite promotes the formation of stable heavy metals. • The potential ecological risk index of co-pyrolysis biochar is extremely low. • Increasing the pyrolysis temperature reduces the leaching toxicity of heavy metals. • The toxicity of biochar reduces with the increasing content of stable heavy metals. Pyrolysis is a promising technique used for treating of sewage sludge. However, the application of pyrolysis products is limited due to the presence of heavy metals. In this study, sewage sludge mixed with kaolin/zeolite was pyrolyzed in a rotary kiln, aiming to improve the immobilization of heavy metals in pyrolytic carbon. The total concentrations, speciation distributions, leaching toxicities, and potential ecological risk indices of heavy metals in pyrolysis biochar were explored to examine the effects of kaolin/zeolite and pyrolytic temperature on immobilizing heavy metals. Further, mineral composition and surface morphology of biochar were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the potential mechanism of immobilizing heavy metals. Increasing pyrolysis temperature facilitated the stabilization of heavy metals in pyrolysis biochar. The proportions of stable heavy metals in biochar obtained at 650℃ were 54.50% (Cu), 29.73% (Zn), 79.29% (Cd), 68.17% (Pb) and 86.70% (Cr). Compared to sewage sludge, the potential contamination risk index of pyrolysis biochar obtained at 650℃ was reduced to 17.01, indicating a low ecological risk. The addition of 7% kaolin/zeolite further reduced the risk index of co-pyrolysis biochar prepared at 650℃ to 10.86/15.28. The characterization of biochar revealed that increase in the pyrolysis temperature and incorporation of additives are conducive to the formation of stable heavy metal-inorganics. This study demonstrates that the formation of stable mineral compounds containing heavy metals is the key to stabilizing heavy metals in pyrolysis biochar.     

Particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in typical urban of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: Characterization,sources and risk assessment

• The sampling was conducted in city on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau for one year. • The groups of PAHs revealed their different environmental fates and migration paths. • Seasonal biomass burning could affect the concentration by long-distance transport. • Industrial sources and traffic emissions were the main contributor of PAHs. • Living in industrial areas or winter had higher health risk by exposure PAHs in PM_2.5. Monthly particle-phase ambient samples collected at six sampling locations in Yuxi, a high-altitude city on the edge of Southeast Asia, were measured for particle-associated PAHs. As trace substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are susceptible to the influences of meteorological conditions, emissions, and gas-particulate partitioning and it is challenging job to precise quantify the source and define the transmission path. The daily concentrations of total PM_2.5-bound PAHs ranged from 0.65 to 80.76 ng/m³, with an annual mean of 11.94 ng/m³. Here, we found that the concentration of PM_2.5-bound PAHs in winter was significantly higher than that in summer, which was mainly due to source and meteorology influence. The increase of fossil combustion and biomass burning in cold season became the main contributors of PAHs, while precipitation and low temperature exacerbated this difference. According to the concentration variation trend of PM_2.5-bound PAHs and their relationship with meteorological conditions, a new grouping of PAHs is applied, which suggested that PAHs have different environmental fates and migration paths. A combination of source analysis and trajectory model supported local sources from combustion of fossil fuel and vehicle exhaust contributed to the major portion on PAHs in particle, but on the Indochina Peninsula the large number of pollutants emitted by biomass burning during the fire season would affect the composition of PAHs through long-range transporting. Risk assessment in spatial and temporal variability suggested that citizens living in industrial areas were higher health risk caused by exposure the PM_2.5-bound PAHs than that in other regions, and the risk in winter was three times than in summer.     

The adsorption affinity of N-doped biochar plays a crucial role in peroxydisulfate activation and bisphenol A oxidative degradation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Metal-free biochar to activate persulfate and degrade organic contaminants has attracted great attention in advanced oxidation processes, while the...     

新型钢结构法兰节点不同加强环板的数值模拟研究

设计制作了一种采用高强螺栓连接的新型法兰外环板式节点试件,在低周往复加载试验研究中,直角型加强环板转角处存在应力集中现象。以该试验为基础,通过大型有限元软件ABAQUS对试件进行数值模拟,将模拟与试验所得到的破坏机制、滞回曲线和骨架曲线的结果进行了对比验证,证明了ABAQUS模型的可靠性。为避免上述直角型加强环板中存在的应力集中现象,将模型中加强环板转角构造形式改为圆弧型,比较了不同形式下的节点破坏模式以及滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性性能、耗能能力、刚度退化等抗震性能参数,结果表明：圆弧型转角形式能够较好地避免节点直角型加强环板转角处的应力集中且提升了抗震性能。数值模拟研究为该新型法兰外环板式节点的深入研究与工程应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

泄漏孔高度对液氯槽罐车泄漏后果的影响研究

为研究液氯槽罐车在道路运输过程中,罐体泄漏孔高度对液氯泄漏扩散过程的影响,本文基于计算流体力学软件Fluent,建立不同高度泄漏孔对应的罐体气相、液相空间泄漏的理论模型,计算不同泄漏模型的泄漏量,研究不同风向、风速、泄漏孔径对氯气泄漏扩散过程的影响。结果表明:风向对2种泄漏模式的扩散范围影响不显著;风速较小时,气相空间泄漏的致命范围大于液相泄漏;风速较大时,液相空间泄漏的致命范围远远大于气相空间;同时,两者受风速的影响具有相似点,风速越大泄漏扩散相对稳定后的氯气浓度值越低;气相、液相泄漏模式的致命范围均随泄漏孔径的增大而增大。研究成果可为液氯槽罐车泄漏事故应急救援、应急处置提供依据。     

The Chinese western development initiative: new opportunities for mineral investment

The Western Development Initiative (WDI), launched in 2000 by the Chinese Government, will greatly change the modes and improve the quality of life of the 355 million people living in the western region of China. This paper presents a panoramic picture of the mineral industries under the framework of the WDI. First, it gives an overview of the WDI, including a summary of the favorable and unfavorable conditions for the WDI, the objectives, priorities and key geographical areas for the WDI and the national policies and measures for implementing the WDI. Second, it describes the roles of the mineral industries in the WDI. Finally, it details the policies and actions of the Chinese Government on the exploration and development of mineral resources in the western region in support of the WDI.     

A comparison of chemical mechanisms based on TRAMP-2006 field data

A comparison of a model using five widely known mechanisms (RACM, CB05, LaRC, SAPRC-99, SAPRC-07, and MCMv3.1) has been conducted based on the TexAQS II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project (TRAMP-2006) field data in 2006. The concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO₂) radicals were calculated by a zero-dimensional box model with each mechanism and then compared with the OH and HO₂ measurements. The OH and HO₂ calculated by the model with different mechanisms show similarities and differences with each other and with the measurements. First, measured OH and HO₂ are generally greater than modeled for all mechanisms, with the median modeled-to-measured ratios ranging from about 0.8 (CB05) to about 0.6 (SAPRC-99). These differences indicate that either measurement errors, the effects of unmeasured species or chemistry errors in the model or the mechanisms, with some errors being independent of the mechanism used. Second, the modeled and measured ratios of HO₂/OH agree when NO is about 1 ppbv, but the modeled ratio is too high when NO was less and too low when NO is more, as seen in previous studies. Third, mechanism–mechanism HO_x differences are sensitive to the environmental conditions – in more polluted conditions, the mechanism–mechanism differences are less. This result suggests that, in polluted conditions, the mechanistic details are less important than in cleaner conditions, probably because of the dominance of reactive nitrogen chemistry under polluted conditions.